Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh network (WMN) is technology that could be implemented to introduce true wireless connectivity to entire cities using inexpensive, existing technology.

In a wireless mesh network, a single network connection is spread out among hundreds of wireless mesh nodes that communicate with each other to share the network connection across a large area. Mesh nodes are small radio transmitters that use the common WiFi standards known as 802.11a, b and g to communicate wirelessly with each other. These nodes are programmed with software that tells them how to interact within the larger network. Information travels across the network from point A to point B by hopping wirelessly from one mesh node to the next. The nodes automatically choose the quickest and safest path through a process known as dynamic routing.

Wireless mesh networks can be created with either WiFi or WiMax technologies. Both of these wireless broadband technologies differ in the technical execution and ultimately have different applications. While WiFi is currently the preferred choice due to its wide spread adoption, there will soon be shift to WiMax in the near future. This is mainly since WiMax provides wireless reception over significantly greater distances and at much higher broadband speeds. Implementing a WiMax mesh network would also significantly lower both – deployment and maintenance costs of mesh nodes.

Some of the prominent advantages of wireless mesh networks include: 

- Low Setup Cost: Wireless mesh networks incur low set-up cost since there are no wire installations.

- Easy Upgradeability: Wireless mesh nodes are easy to install and uninstall, making the network extremely adaptable and expandable as more or less coverage is needed. Mesh networks are ‘self configuring’; the network automatically incorporates a new node into the existing structure without needing any adjustments.

- Existing Technology: WMN relies on the same WiFi standards (802.11a, b and g) already in place for most wireless networks.

- Low Maintenance: Mesh networks are ‘self healing’ since the network automatically finds the fastest and most reliable paths to send data, even if nodes are blocked or lose their signal.

- Better Connectivity: Mesh networks are useful for Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) network configurations where wireless signals are intermittently blocked. For example: in an amusement park, a ferris wheel occasionally blocks the signal from a wireless access point. But if there are dozens or hundreds of other nodes around, the mesh network will automatically re-route to find a clear signal.